Determinants of life expectancy in China: A comparative analysis of economic and non-economic factors

Abstract

This study investigated the determinants (economic and non-economic) of life expectancy in China from 2000 to 2020, focusing on economic development, income inequality, environmental quality, and health facilities. Using graphical analyses, the study identifies trends and patterns that illustrate the relationship between these factors and life expectancy. Findings suggest that robust economic growth from 2000 to 2005 significantly enhanced healthcare infrastructure, living standards, and access to essential services, driving early improvements in LE. Despite declining economic growth and employment rates after 2010, LE continued to rise, reflecting the long-term impact of prior investments in healthcare and public health systems. The unexpected coexistence of rising CO₂ emissions and increasing life expectancy points to the mitigating role of healthcare and social services against environmental degradation. Additionally, improved health infrastructure, particularly hospital bed availability, emerged as a critical driver of LE growth, addressing the needs of an aging population and reducing mortality rates.