Physical access to health facilities and contraceptive use in Kenya: Evidence from the 2008-2009 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the spatial variation in modern contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning across the counties of Kenya and to examine whether the spatial patterns were associated with inequalities in physical access to health facilities. Data were obtained from the 2008-2009 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey and linked to the location of health facilities in the country. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the influence of distance to the nearest health facility and health facility density, in addition to other covariates, on modern contraceptive use and unmet need. Overall, the prevalence of modern contraceptive use and unmet need among women aged 15-49 in Kenya was 42.1% and 19.7% respectively. Among the respondents who lived more than 5 km from the nearest health facility modern contraceptive use was significantly less likely compared to women resident 5 km or less from the nearest health facility. Women from counties with higher health facility density were 53% more likely to use modern contraceptives compared to women in counties with low health facility density. Distance and health facility density in the county were not significantly associated with unmet need. Physical access to health facilities is an important determinant of modern contraceptive use and unmet need in Kenya. Strategies should be developed in underserved counties to mitigate the challenge of distance to health facilities, such as delivering services by outreach and mobile facilities. (Afr J Reprod Health 2012; 16[3]: 47-55).
Résumé
L'objectif de l'étude était de déterminer la variation spatiale dans l'utilisation des contraceptifs modernes et les besoins non satisfaits de la planification familiale à travers les comtés du Kenya et d'examiner si les structures spatiales ont été associées à des inégalités dans l'accès physique aux établissements de santé. Les données ont été obtenues à partir de l’Enquête Démographique et de Sante de 2008-2009 du Kenya et liées aux endroits où se situent les établissements de santé dans le pays. La régression logistique multi variée a été utilisée pour examiner l'influence de la distance au centre médical le plus proche et la densité de l'établissement de santé, y compris des autres coaxiales, sur l'utilisation de la contraception moderne et des besoins non satisfaits. Dans l'ensemble, la prévalence de l'utilisation de la contraception moderne et des besoins non satisfaits chez les femmes âgées de 15-49 ans au Kenya était de 42,1% et 19,7% respectivement. Parmi les répondants qui habitaient à plus de 5 km de l'établissement sanitaire le plus proche, l'utilisation des contraceptifs modernes était significativement moins susceptibles par rapport aux femmes qui habitent à 5 km ou moins de l'établissement sanitaire le plus proche. Les femmes dans les comtés ayant une densité d’établissement de sante plus élevée étaient de 53% plus susceptibles d'utiliser des contraceptifs modernes par rapport aux femmes dans les comtés à faible densité d'établissement de santé. La distance et la densité établissement de santé dans le comté n'ont pas été significativement associées à des besoins non satisfaits. L'accès physique aux établissements de santé est un déterminant important de l'utilisation des contraceptifs modernes et les besoins non satisfaits au Kenya. Les stratégies devraient être élaborées dans les comtés défavorisés pour atténuer le défi de la distance aux centres de santé, tels que la prestation de services par la sensibilisation et les établissements mobiles (Afr J Reprod Health 2012; 16[3]: 47-55).
Keywords: Family planning, contraceptives, health facility accessibility, Kenya
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