Risk Factors for Premature Births: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Hospital Records in a Cameroonian Health Facility

Andreas Chiabi, Evelyn M. Mah, Nicole Mvondo, Seraphin Nguefack, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Karen K. Kamga, Shiyuan Zhang, Emile Mboudou, Pierre F. Tchokoteu, Elie Mbonda

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for preterm births in the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital in Cameroon, and to describe their outcomes. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study of hospital records over eight years. The incidence of prematurity was 26.5 % of admissions over a period of 7 years 7 months. After controlling for confounding factors, we identified attending antenatal care visits in a health centre (Odds ratio [OR] 6.19; 95% Confidence interval [CI]1.15-33.22; p=0.033), having a urinary tract infection (OR 39.04; 95% CI 17.19-88.62; p<0.001), multiple gestation (OR 3.82; 95 % CI 2.68-5.43; p<0.001) and congenital malformations (OR 2.78; 95% CI 1.24-6.22; p=0.013) increased the odds of preterm birth. On the other hand being a student mother (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.20-0.98; p=0.047), being married (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.19-0.84; p=0.016) and more antenatal visits (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.15-0.35; p<0.001) reduced the odds of preterm birth. Neonatal mortality in these preterm neonates was 36.6%, in which 69% occurred in the early neonatal period. The main causes of death were neonatal infections (27.6%), neonatal asphyxia (11.9%) and congenital malformations (10.3%). We recommend enhanced prenatal care and management of pathologies which arise during pregnancy. (Afr J Reprod Health 2013; 17[4]: 77-83).

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