A Review of the Changes in the Ophthalmic and Visual System in Pregnancy
), Joseph M. Waziri-Erameh(2), Valentina W. Okeigbemen(3),
(1)
(2)
(3)
Corresponding Author
Abstract
Pregnancy is often associated with ocular changes which may be more commonly transient but occasionally, permanent. It may be associated with the development of new ocular conditions, or can exacerbate pre-existing conditions. The ocular effects of pregnancy may be physiological or pathological or may be modifications of pre-existing conditions.Adnexial changes include chloasma, spider angiomas and ptosis. Anterior segment changes include a decrease in conjunctival capillaries and an increase in the granularity of conjunctival venules and in corneal curvature, changes in corneal thickness, refractive index, accommodation and refractive errors, and a decrease in intraocular pressure. Posterior segment changes include worsening of diabetic retinopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, increased risk of peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophies and retinal detachment, and a beneficial effect on non-infectious uveitis. Systemic disorders of importance include preeclampsia, Graves disease and multiple sclerosis. Intracranial disorders with ocular effects in pregnancy include Pseudotumor cerebri, prolactinomas and Sheehan’s syndrome (Afr J Reprod Health 2008; 12[3]:185-196).
RĖSUMĖ
Examen des changements dans la grossesse ophtalmique et du système visuel La grossesse est souvent associée aux changements oculaires qui peuvent être plus généralement la coupure, mais de temps en temps, permanents. Il peut être associé au développement de nouvelles conditions oculaires, ou peut renforcer des conditions préexistantes. Les effets oculaires de grossesse peuvent être physiologiques ou pathologiques ou peuvent être les modifications des conditions préexistantes. Les changements annexais incluent chloasma, des angiomes d'araignée et ptose. Des changements de segment antérieurs incluent une diminution dans des capillaires conjonctivales et une augmentation de la granularité de vénales conjonctivales et dans la déviation cornéenne, des changements de l'épaisseur cornéenne, de l’indice de réfraction, et des erreurs réfractions et une diminution dans la pression intraoculaire. Des changements de segment postérieurs incluent la dégradation de rétinopathie diabétique, choriorétinopathie séreux central, le risque accru du périphérique vitréochoriorétinal des dystrophies et le décollement de la rétine et des effets avantageux sur uvéites non contagieux. Les désordres systémiques d'importance incluent pré éclampsie, la maladie de Tombes et la sclérose en plaques. Des désordres intracrâniens avec des effets oculaires dans la grossesse incluent la Pseudotumeur cérébrale, prolactinomas et le syndrome de Sheehan (Afr J Reprod Health 2008; 12[3]:185196).
KEY WORDS: Pregnancy, Ocular changes, Diabetic retinopathy, Preeclampsia
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