Intraocular Pressure in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Nigerian Women

Ebeigbe J.A, Ebeigbe P.N, Ighoroje A.D.A

Abstract

A number of hormones are known to affect intraocular pressure. Of these, the female sex hormones are the predominant ones to cause variations in intraocular pressure. The aim of this study was to determine if variation in sex hormones in pregnancy affects intraocular pressure.  This study was a longitudinal one. 117 pregnant women aged 20 to 35 years in their first trimester of pregnancy were followed longitudinally throughout the course of pregnancy, and six weeks post partum.   One hundred non pregnant women with a regular menstrual cycle of 26-29 days were also recruited and examined for changes in intraocular pressure.  Intraocular pressure was measured with the handheld Kowa applanation tonometer.  Mean Intraocular Pressure (MIOP) was 14.7 ± 2.2 mmHg, 13.2 ± 2.0 mmHg and 11.0 ± 1.3 mmHg in the three trimesters respectively. There was thus a fall in Intraocular Pressure during pregnancy and this was highly statistically significant (P<0.0001).  At 6 weeks postpartum MIOP increased to 14.2 ± 1.8 mmHg. The difference between the mean values of Intraocular Pressure in the third trimester and 6 weeks postpartum was also statistically significant P<0.0001. Intraocular pressure decreased as pregnancy advanced. Postpartum, there was increase in intraocular pressure to near pre pregnant level. The difference in mean IOP between the pregnant and non pregnant women was statistically significant (P<0.05) (Afr J Reprod Health 2011; 15[4]: 20-23).

 

Résumé

Pression intraoculaire chez les femmes nigérianes enceintes et non enceintes. Il est connu que certaines hormones affectent la pression intraoculaire.  Parmi elles, les hormones sexuelles de la femme constituent les hormones prédominantes pour provoquer des variations dans la pression intraoculaire.  Cette étude a pour objectif de déterminer si la variation des hormones sexuelles dans la grossesse affecte la pression intra oculaire.  Il s’agissait d’une étude longitudinale. Cent dix-sept femmes enceintes âgées de 20 à 35 ans qui étaient dans leur premier trimestre de grossesse ont été suivies de manière longitudinale tout au long de la grossesse et six semaines post-partum.  Nous avons aussi recruté et examiné cent femmes enceintes qui avaient un cycle menstruel régulier de 26  à 29 jours pour déterminer les modifications dans la pression intraoculaire.  La pression intraoculaire a été mesurée à l’aide de l’aplanométrie à main de Kowa.  La pression Intraoculaire Moyenne (PIM) était de 14,7±2,2mmHg,  13,2±2,0 mmHget 11,0±1,3 mmHgdans les trois trimestres respectivement.  Il y avait ainsi une chute de la Pression Intraoculaire pendant la grossesse, ce qui était hautement statistiquement significatif (p<0,0001).  A la fin de six semaines de postpartum, la PIM a augmenté jusqu’à 14,2±1,8mmHg.  La différence entre les valeurs moyennes de la pression intraoculaire dans le troisième semestre et le postpartum de de six semaines était aussi statistiquement  significative (p<0,0001).  La pression intra oculaire a diminué au fur et à mesure que la grossesse avançait.  Il y avait une augmentation de la pression intraoculaire qui atteignait presque le niveau de pré-grossesse.  La différence par rapport à la PIO moyenne entre les femmes enceintes et les femmes nonenceintes statistiquement significative (p<0,05). (Afr J Reprod Health 2011; 15[4]: 20-23).

 

  Keywords: Intraocular pressure, Hormone, Postpartum, Pregnancy, Estrogen

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