Widowers’ accounts of maternal mortality among women of low socioeconomic status in Nigeria
Abstract
The research is based on information collected on 50 deceased Nigerian women of low socioeconomic status in different locations of the country including Lagos, Ibadan, Kaduna, Zaria, Minna, Enugu, and Port-Harcourt among others. They had some common characteristics such as low levels of education, involvement in petty trading and were clients of a microfinance bank as small loan receivers. Primary data were generated mainly through verbal autopsy with widowers employing In-depth Interviews and Key Informant Interviews. In addition, unobtrusive observation was carried out in these locations to ascertain in some instances the distance between the deceased homes and health facilities patronised by the women. Secondary data were specific to death certificates of the deceased supplied by the widowers. Both ethnographic summaries and content analysis were employed in data analysis to account for contextual differences, especially in a multicultural society like Nigeria. The findings implicated several issues that are taken for granted at the micro-family and macro-society levels. It specifically revealed that small loans alone are not sufficient to empower poor women to make meaningful contributions to their own reproductive health in a patriarchal society like Nigeria. Results also indicated that cultural differences as well as rural-urban dichotomy were not proximate determinants of maternal behaviour; the latter rather finds expression in low socioeconomic status. Consequently, policy relevant recommendations that could contribute to significant maternal mortality reduction were proffered. (Afr J Reprod Health 2012; 16[3]: 101-117).
Résumé
La recherche est basée sur des informations recueillies sur les 50 femmes nigérianes décédées venant d’un milieu socioéconomique faible dans différents endroits du pays tels que Lagos, Ibadan, Kaduna, Zaria, Minna, Enugu et Port-Harcourt, entre autres. Ils avaient des caractéristiques communes telles que de niveaux bas d'éducation, la participation dans le petit commerce et elles étaient des clients d'une banque de micro finance en tant que récepteurs de petits prêts. Les données primaires ont été générées principalement par le biais d'autopsie verbale avec les veufs qui emploient des interviews en profondeur et des interviews avec des informateurs clé. En outre, l'observation discrète a été réalisée dans ces endroits afin de déterminer dans certains cas, la distance entre les domiciles des décédés et les établissements de santé fréquentés par les femmes. Les données secondaires sont spécifiques à des certificats de décès de la personne décédée fournies par les veufs. Les deux résumés ethnographiques et l'analyse de contenu ont été employés dans l'analyse des données pour tenir compte des différences contextuelles, surtout dans une société multiculturelle comme le Nigéria. Les résultats ont mis en cause plusieurs problèmes qui sont pris pour acquis aux niveaux micro-et macro-famille de la société. Il a surtout révélé que de petits prêts à eux seuls ne suffisent pas à renforcer la capacité des femmes pauvres, de faire des contributions significatives à leur propre santé de la reproduction dans une société patriarcale comme le Nigéria. Les résultats indiquent également que les différences culturelles ainsi que la dichotomie rurale-urbaine ne sont pas des déterminants immédiats du comportement maternel; celuici trouve plutôt son expression dans une situation socioéconomique faible. Par conséquent, les recommandations politiques pertinentes qui pourraient contribuer de manière significative à la réduction de la mortalité maternelle ont été proposées (Afr J Reprod Health 2012; 16[3]: 101-117).
Keywords: verbal autopsy, health facilities, multicultural society, mortality reduction
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