Except for such rare situations where it might be determined absence of physician’s imputability, physicians cannot ‘save the most lives while respecting the legal rights of the patient’ without violating the overarching principle ‘every human life has equal value’.  Arguing to the contrary is a conscious hypocritical attitude, or in other words, a fiction. Medical law and ethics long since carry with its various fictions. Furthermore, in a public health emergency such as the current COVID-19 crisis, medical law and ethics change and shift the focus from the patient-centered model towards the public health-centered model. Under these particular circumstances, this fiction becomes striking, and it can no longer be swept under the rug. As health emergencies can happen anywhere, anytime, the patient prioritization in circumstances of limited resources should be accepted. Medical law and ethics should back away from strict commitment to placing paramount emphasis on the value of human life. It is time for medical law and ethics to leave taboo-related hypocritical attitudes, and venture to make a historic compromise. To do so, three principles should be met: subsidiarity, proportionality, and consensus and social proof. (Afr J Reprod Health 2020 (Speciial Edition); 24[2]: 32-40).

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61018'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61018 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61019'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61019 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Epstein M. Legal and institutional fictions in medical

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61020'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61020 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

ethics: a common, and yet largely overlooked, phenomenon. J Med Ethics. 2007; 33(6): 362-4.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61021'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61021 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

O’Neill O. Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61022'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61022 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Cambridge University Press, 2002.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61023'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61023 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Voultsos P. [The penal problematic of euthanasia].

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61024'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61024 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Athens-Komotini: A. Sakkoulas, 2006, pp: 842-879 [in Greek].

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61025'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61025 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Psaroulis D and Voultsos P. [Medical Law. Elements of

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61026'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61026 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Bioethics]. Thessaloniki: University Studio Press 2010, pp: 359-410 [in Greek].

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61027'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61027 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Hanack E-W. Grenzen artzlicher Behandlungspflicht bei

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61028'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61028 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

schwerstgeschadigten Neugeborenen aus juristischer Sicht. MedR 1985: 1: 33-38. [article in German].

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61029'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61029 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Binding K and Hoche A. Die Freigabe der Vernichtung

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61030'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61030 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

lebensunwerten Lebens. Leipzig: Meiner Verlag, 1922.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61031'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61031 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Charalambakis A. [Criminal Law and Courts

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61032'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61032 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Jurisprudence] 2nd edition, Athens: Nomiki Vivliothiki, 2019, p: 513-519 [in Greek].

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61033'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61033 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Vathiotis K. In Charalambakis A. (ed.). [Criminal Law.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61034'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61034 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Volume I]. Athens: Nomiki Vivliothiki, 2nd edition, 2014, p: 328-330, 333,334, lateral numbers 94-95, 111, 113, 114,115.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61035'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61035 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Council of Misdemeanours Judges of Athens (Greece),

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61036'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61036 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

No 3654/1992, Legal Information Data Base ‘NOMOS’. [in Greek].

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61037'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61037 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Bekas I. [The protection of life and health in penal code].

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61038'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61038 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Athens: P.N. Sakkoulas, 2004, pp: 109, 125-126 [in Greek].

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61039'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61039 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Farsedakis I and Saltanis C, [Introduction in General

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61040'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61040 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Criminal Law], Athens: Nomiki Vivliothiki, 2003, pp: 196-197 note 339. [in Greek].

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61041'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61041 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Kent L. “Tragic Dilemmas, Virtue Ethics and Moral

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61042'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61042 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Luck” (2008). Philosophy Ph.D. Dissertations. 17.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61043'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61043 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/philosophy_diss/17 Accessed: April 25, 2020.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61044'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61044 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Mannelli C. Whose life to save. Scarce resources

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61045'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61045 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

allocation in the COVID-19 outbreak. J Med Ethics. 2020 Apr 9. pii: medethics-2020-106227. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106227. [Epub ahead of print]

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61046'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61046 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Liddell K, Skopek JM, Palmer S, Martin S, Anderson J

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61047'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61047 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

and Sagar A. Deciding who gets the ventilator: Will some lives be lost unlawfully? Posted on April 12, 2020 J Med Ethics. Blog. https://blogs.bmj.com/medical-ethics/2020/04/12/deciding-who-gets-the-ventilator-will-some-lives-be-lost-unlawfully/ Accessed: April 25, 2020.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61048'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61048 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Androulakis N. [Criminal Law. General Part. Volume I],

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61049'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61049 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Athens: P.N. Sakkoulas. 2006, pp: 442-443.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61050'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61050 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Council of Misdemeanours Judges of Kalamata (Greece),

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61051'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61051 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

No 50/2015, Legal Information Data Base ‘NOMOS’. [in Greek].

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61052'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61052 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Kostaras A. Criminal Law. [Concepts and Institutions of

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61053'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61053 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

the General Part]. Athens: Nomiki Vivliothiki. 2019 p: 441 [in Greek].

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61054'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61054 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Emanuel EJ, Persad G, Upshur R, Thome B, Parker M,

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61055'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61055 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Glickman A, Zhang C, Boyle C, Smith M and Phillips JP. Fair Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 23. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsb2005114. [Epub ahead of print].

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61056'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61056 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Fortes PA and Pereira PCA. Patient prioritization in

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61057'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61057 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

medical emergencies: an ethical analysis. Revista da

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61058'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61058 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Associação Médica Brasileira, 2012; 58(3): 335-340.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61059'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61059 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Berlinger N, Wynia M, Tia Powell T, Micah Hester M,

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61060'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61060 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Aimee Milliken A, Rachel Fabi R, Felicia Cohn F, Guidry-Grimes LK, Jamie Carlin Watson JC, Lori Bruce L, Chuang EJ, Oei G, Abbott J and Jenks NP. Ethical Framework for Health Care Institutions & Guidelines for Institutional Ethics Services Responding to the Coronavirus Pandemic The Hastings Center, March 16, 2020 https://www.thehastingscenter.org/ethicalframeworkcovid19/ Accessed: April 25, 2020.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61061'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61061 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

De Panfilis L, Tanzi S and Costantini M. The challenge

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61062'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61062 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

of providing personalized care under COVID-19. Posted on April 20, 2020. J Med Ethics. Blog. https://blogs.bmj.com/covid-19/2020/04/21/the-challenge-of-providing-personalized-care-under-covid-19/ Accessed: April 25, 2020.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61063'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61063 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

DeMarco JP. Principlism and moral dilemmas: a new

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61064'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61064 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

principle. J Med Ethics 2005; 31(2): 101-5.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61065'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61065 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Koonin LM, Pillai S, Kahn EB, Moulia D and Patel A.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61066'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61066 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Strategies to Inform Allocation of Stockpiled Ventilators to Healthcare Facilities During a Pandemic. Health Secur. 2020 Mar/Apr;18(2):69-74. doi: 10.1089/hs.2020.0028. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61067'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61067 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Phua J, Weng L, Ling L, Egi M, Lim CM, Divatia JV,

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61068'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61068 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Shrestha BR, Arabi YM, Ng J, Gomersall CD, Nishimura M, Koh Y and Du B; Asian Critical Care Clinical Trials Group. Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Apr 6. pii: S2213-2600(20)30161-2. [Epub ahead of print] Review.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61069'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61069 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Daugherty Biddison EL, Faden R, Gwon HS, Mareiniss

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61070'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61070 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

DP, Regenberg AC, Schoch-Spana M, Schwartz J and Toner ES. Too Many Patients…A Framework to Guide Statewide Allocation of Scarce Mechanical Ventilation During Disasters. Chest. 2019 Apr;155(4):848-854.

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM citation_settings WHERE citation_id = '61071'  

---

---

(mysql): SELECT * FROM metadata_descriptions WHERE assoc_type = 1048579 AND assoc_id = 61071 ORDER BY metadata_description_id DESC  

---

Nicoli F and Gasparetto A. Italy in a Time of Emergency

and Scarce Resources: The Need for Embedding Ethical Reflection in Social and Clinical Settings. J Clin Ethics. 2020 Spring;31(1):92-94.